This is a preview and has not been published. View submission

Candidemia in Burn Patients: Epidemiology and Molecular Typing of Candida Isolates

Authors

  • Seyed Reza Aghili - Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute/, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-0054
  • Tahereh Shokohi - Dept. of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-8436
  • Bahram Salari - Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
  • Seyedeh Zahra Noorani Baladezaei - Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-1699
  • Mostafa Roudbari - Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
  • Leila Faeli - Dept. of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0255
  • Iman Haghani - Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute/, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. - Dept. of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7618
  • Sabah Mayahi - Dept. of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. orcid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-8984

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v19i2.3106

Keywords:

Candidiasis, Candidemia, Burn, Species identification, Molecular method

Abstract

Introduction: Candidemia is a major hospital-acquired fungal infection, especially among burn patients. Recognizing the risk factors and the particular organism involved is crucial for effective treatment.

Methods: Blood samples from 147 hospitalized burn patients were collected, totaling 534 samples, and cultured in a biphasic medium, then incubated aerobically at 37°C. Candida species were identified using specialized culture media and RFLP-PCR with the MspI restriction enzyme. Descriptive statistics were applied to outline the risk factors, while Student's t-test was employed to compare the variables.

Results: Candidemia was detected in 8 patients (5.44%) among hospitalized burn patients. The mean age was 38.3±21.3 years, with an average hospital stay of 32.7 days, a total body surface area burned of 32.7%, and a mortality rate of 19.7%. Patients with candidemia had higher values for these variables. 

Conclusion: The rapid identification, effective management, and treatment of this infection can significantly decrease complications and mortality rates in patients with burn injuries.

 

References

References:

Magill SS, Edwards JR, Fridkin SK. Survey of health care-associated infections. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;370(26):2542-3.

Mencarini J, Mantengoli E, Tofani L, Riccobono E, Fornaini R, Bartalesi F, et al. Evaluation of candidemia and antifungal consumption in a large tertiary care Italian hospital over a 12-year period. Infection. 2018;46(4):469-76.

Kim EJ, Lee E, Kwak YG, Yoo HM, Choi JY, Kim SR, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of candidemia in intensive care units from 2006 to 2017: Results from the Korean National Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance System. Frontiers in Medicine. 2020;7:974.

Afkhamzadeh A, Majidi F, Ahmadi C. Risk factors for nosocomial infections among burn patients hospitalized in Tohid hospital, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Iran. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences. 2016;59(4):225-32.

Pfaller MA, Diekema D. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2007;20(1):133-63.

Olaitan P, Jiburum B. Analysis of burn mortality in a burns centre. Annals of burns and fire disasters. 2006;19(2):59.

Pavoni V, Gianesello L, Paparella L, Buoninsegni LT, Barboni E. Outcome predictors and quality of life of severe burn patients admitted to intensive care unit. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. 2010;18(1):1-8.

Tracy LM, Singer Y, Schrale R, Gong J, Darton A, Wood F, et al. Epidemiology of burn injury in older adults: An Australian and New Zealand perspective. Scars, burns & healing. 2020;6:2059513120952336.

Sarbazi E, Yousefi M, Khami B, Ettekal-Nafs R, Babazadeh T, Gaffari-Fam S. Epidemiology and the survival rate of burn-related injuries in Iran: a registry-based study. Annals of burns and fire disasters. 2019;32(1):3.

Chapman B, Slavin M, Marriott D, Halliday C, Kidd S, Arthur I, et al. Australian and New Zealand Mycoses Interest Group. Changing epidemiology of candidaemia in Australia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(04):1103-8.

Arendrup M, Dzajic E, Jensen R, Johansen H, Kjaldgaard P, Knudsen J, et al. Epidemiological changes with potential implication for antifungal prescription recommendations for fungaemia: data from a nationwide fungaemia surveillance programme. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2013;19(8):e343-e53.

Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW. A semiquantitative culture method for identifying intravenous-catheter-related infection. New England Journal of Medicine. 1977;296(23):1305-9.

Mohammadi F, Javaheri MR, Nekoeian S, Dehghan P. Identification of Candida species in the oral cavity of diabetic patients. Current medical mycology. 2016;2(2):1.

Playford EG, Lipman J, Sorrell TC. Management of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit. Drugs. 2010;70(7):823-39.

Schwarz K, Dulchavsky S. Burn Wound Infections: Emedicine World Medical Library: Editors: Lopez FA. Talavera F, Senders CV, Mylonakis E, Cunha BA. 2005:1-16.

Dudoignon E, Alanio A, Anstey J, Depret F, Coutrot M, Fratani A, et al. Outcome and potentially modifiable risk factors for candidemia in critically ill burns patients: a matched cohort study. Mycoses. 2019;62(3):237-46.

Aloush SM, Al-Sayaghi K, Tubaishat A, Dolansky M, Abdelkader FA, Suliman M, et al. Compliance of Middle Eastern hospitals with the central line associated bloodstream infection prevention guidelines. Applied Nursing Research. 2018;43:56-60.

Zhou J, Tan J, Gong Y, Li N, Luo G. Candidemia in major burn patients and its possible risk factors: A 6-year period retrospective study at a burn ICU. Burns. 2019;45(5):1164-71.

Badiee P, Kordbacheh P, Alborzi A, Zakernia M, Haddadi P. Early detection of systemic candidiasis in the whole blood of patients with hematologic malignancies. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2009;62(1):1-5.

Arendrup MC. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis. Current opinion in critical care. 2010;16(5):445-52.

Ahmadi A, Bagheri Ruchi A, Soltani N, Amirzadeh Iranagh J, Motalebi SA. Epidemiological study of 1938 burn patients from 2014-2016 in Qazvin, Iran. Trauma Monthly. 2020;25(2):83-8.

Queiroz LFT, Anami EH, Zampar EF, Tanita MT, Cardoso LT, Grion CMC. Epidemiology and outcome analysis of burn patients admitted to an intensive care unit in a university hospital. Burns. 2016;42(3):655-62.

Cachafeiro L, Sanchez M, Herrero E, Camacho J, Hernandez M, Agrifoglio A, et al. Epidemiological study of critical burn patients in an ICU. Critical Care. 2012;16(1):1-189.

Hosseini S, Rashtchi V, Kamali K, Moghimi M. Epidemiology and outcome of 2,590 burned patients in Northwest Iran. Annals of burns and fire disasters. 2017;30(2):85.

Alipour J, Mehdipour Y, Karimi A. Epidemiology and outcome analysis of 3030 burn patients with an ICD-10 approach. Annals of burns and fire disasters. 2020;33(1):3.

Davies J. The problems of burns in India. Burns: journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 1990;16(Suppl 1):S1-24.

Murray CK, Loo FL, Hospenthal DR, Cancio LC, Jones JA, Kim SH, et al. Incidence of systemic fungal infection and related mortality following severe burns. Burns. 2008;34(8):1108-12.

Giretzlehner M, Dirnberger J, Owen R, Haller H, Lumenta D, Kamolz L-P. The determination of total burn surface area: how much difference? Burns. 2013;39(6):1107-13.

Brusselaers N, Monstrey S, Snoeij T, Vandijck D, Lizy C, Hoste E, et al. Morbidity and mortality of bloodstream infections in patients with severe burn injury. American Journal of Critical Care. 2010;19(6):e81-e7.

Amany M. Epidemiology of burn injuries in Cairo, Egypt. 2006.

Akbar DH, Tahawi AT. Candidemia at a university hospital: epidemiology, risk factors and predictors of mortality. Annals of Saudi medicine. 2001;21(3-4):178-82.

Macedo JLSd, Santos JB. Bacterial and fungal colonization of burn wounds. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2005;100(5):535-9.

Kallen AJ, Patel PR, O'Grady NP. Preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections outside the intensive care unit: expanding prevention to new settings. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010;51(3):335-41.

Colombo AL, Nucci M, Park BJ, Nouér SA, Arthington-Skaggs B, da Matta DA, et al. Epidemiology of candidemia in Brazil: a nationwide sentinel surveillance of candidemia in eleven medical centers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2006;44(8):2816-23.

Kullberg BJ, Arendrup MC. Invasive candidiasis. The New England journal of medicine. 2016;374(8):794-5.

Fesharaki SH, Aghili SR, Shokohi T, Boroumand MA. Catheter-related candidemia and identification of causative Candida species in patients with cardiovascular disorder. Current Medical Mycology. 2018;4(2):7.

Swindell K, Lattif AA, Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Ghannoum MA. Parenteral lipid emulsion induces germination of Candida albicans and increases biofilm formation on medical catheter surfaces. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009;200(3):473-80.

Koh AY, Köhler JR, Coggshall KT, Van Rooijen N, Pier GB. Mucosal damage and neutropenia are required for Candida albicans dissemination. PLoS pathogens. 2008;4(2):e35.

Anlatıcı R, Özerdem ÖR, Dalay C, Kesiktaş E, Acartürk S, Seydaoğlu G. A retrospective analysis of 1083 Turkish patients with serious burns. Burns. 2002;28(3):231-7.

Lu G, Huang J, Yu J, Zhu Y, Cai L, Gu Z, et al. Influence of early post-burn enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes of patients with extensive burns. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2011:1102160065-.

Alam F, Catlow D, Di Maio A, Blair JMA, Hall RA. Candida albicans enhances meropenem tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dual-species biofilm. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2020;75(4):925-35.

Razzaghi R, Momen-Heravi M, Erami M, Nazeri M. Candidemia in patients with prolonged fever in Kashan, Iran. Current Medical Mycology. 2016;2(3):20.

Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Ramos LdS, Barbedo LS, Oliveira JCAd, Santos ALSd, Almeida-Paes R, et al. Relationship between the antifungal susceptibility profile and the production of virulence-related hydrolytic enzymes in Brazilian clinical strains of Candida glabrata. Mediators of Inflammation. 2017;2017.

Vermitsky J-P, Edlind TD. Azole resistance in Candida glabrata: coordinate upregulation of multidrug transporters and evidence for a Pdr1-like transcription factor. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2004;48(10):3773-81.

Moore EC, Padiglione AA, Wasiak J, Paul E, Cleland H. Candida in burns: Risk factors and outcomes. Journal of Burn Care and Research. 2010;31(2):257-63.

Renau Escrig AI, Salavert M, Vivó C, Cantón E, Pérez del Caz MD, Pemán J. Candidemia in major burns patients. Mycoses. 2016;59(6):391-8.

Lindberg E, Hammarström H, Ataollahy N, Kondori N. Species distribution and antifungal drug susceptibilities of yeasts isolated from the blood samples of patients with candidemia. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1).

Sobouti B, Dahmardehei M, Fallah S, Karrobi M, Ghavami Y, Vaghardoost R. Candidemia in pediatric burn patients: Risk factors and outcomes in a retrospective cohort study. Current Medical Mycology. 2020;6(3):33.

Luo G, Peng Y, Yuan Z, Cheng W, Wu J, Fitzgerald M. Yeast from burn patients at a major burn centre of China. Burns. 2011;37(2):299-303.

Lotfi N, Shokohi T, Nouranibaladezaei SZ, Omran AN, Kondori N. High recovery rate of non-albicans Candida species isolated from burn patients with candidemia in Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2015;8(10).

Sarabahi S, Tiwari VK, Arora S, Capoor MR, Pandey A. Changing pattern of fungal infection in burn patients. Burns. 2012;38(4):520-8.

Bouza E, Guinea J, Guembe M. The role of antifungals against Candida biofilm in catheter-related candidemia. Antibiotics. 2014;4(1):1-17.

Chen X-C, Xu J, Wu D-P. Clinical characteristics and implications of mixed candida/bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematological diseases. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2020;39(8):1445-52.

Bouza E, Burillo A, Muñoz P, Guinea J, Marín M, Rodríguez-Créixems M. Mixed bloodstream infections involving bacteria and Candida spp. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2013;68(8):1881-8.

Uppuluri P, Lin L, Alqarihi A, Luo G, Youssef EG, Alkhazraji S, et al. The Hyr1 protein from the fungus Candida albicans is a cross kingdom immunotherapeutic target for Acinetobacter bacterial infection. PLoS pathogens. 2018;14(5):e1007056.

Published

2024-08-26

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

How to Cite

Candidemia in Burn Patients: Epidemiology and Molecular Typing of Candida Isolates. (2024). Knowledge and Health in Basic Medical Sciences, 19(2), page:21-30. https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v19i2.3106

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 > >>