Reference Guidelines

The References section should list all sources cited in the text in the order they appear. Follow the instructions to authors and the journal's reference style for formatting. Number references consecutively based on their first mention in the text, not alphabetically. Use parentheses to indicate references in text and tables before punctuation marks. Authors should use the NLM format for references, as shown in the examples below. Original articles should not exceed 40 references, brief reports should have no more than 15, and case reports should have no more than 8. If a reference has more than six authors, list the first six followed by "et al." Ensure that all online links are correct by using tools like CrossRef. For other types of references, refer to the ICMJE Guidelines (http://www.icmje.org or  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html).

Commonly cited types of references are included below:

- Journal article: Author(s). Article title. Journal name. Year;Volume(Issue):Page numbers.

- Book: Author(s). Book title. Edition (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher; Year.

- Book chapter: Author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s). Book title. Edition (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Page numbers.

- Website: Author or organization. Webpage title. Website name. URL. Published or updated date (if available). Accessed date.

Article:

  1. Standard journal article:

Sharifiyan F, Mirjalili S A, Fazilati M, Poorazizi E, Habibollahi S. Cytotoxic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) flowers and isolated ursolic acid on B16f10 melanoma cells. J Med Plants 2020; 19:177-191.

  1. Article not in English:

Taebpour M, Majdizadeh M, Haghiralsadat BF. Fabrication and characterization of liposomal nanoparticles containing hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia absintium and its toxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Iranian Quarterly Journal of Breast Disease 2021;14:64-77.[Persian].

  1. Organization as author:

The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical exercise stress testing. Safety and performance guidelines. Med Aust 1996;164:282-4.

  1. Anonymous author

Anonymous. (). Food safety shake-up needed in the USA. The Lancet, 2010:375(9732), 2122

  1. Issue with supplement:

Bill, C., & Ahn, J. Integrating emergency care with population health. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015: 16(4.1, Suppl.), S14-S16. 

  1. In press:

Pourmand, D., Veisi-Raygani, A., Bahrehmand, F., Asadi, S. The Association between Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Serum Malondialdehyde Level with End-Stage Renal Disease. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, In press 2023.

  1. Journal article in electronic format:

Christina Gish Hill, “’General Miles Put Us Here’: Northern Cheyenne Military Alliance and Sovereign Territorial Rights,” American Indian Quarterly 37, no. 4 (Fall 2013): 355, http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=1d11d977-389e-4b0c-840d-dbf22d04827f%40sessionmgr4005&vid=18&hid=106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=ahl&AN=90230474.

Book:

  1. Personal author (s):

Norman IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Church Lvingston;1996.

  1. Books not in English:

Shariati M, Dadgari A, editors. Study guide: Preparation and its application in medical education. Tehran: Hayyan press;2007.[Persian].

  1. Organization as author or publisher:

National Fire Protection Association.  Fundamentals of firefighting skills (2nd ed.). Jones and Bartlett;2009

  1. Chapter in book:

Gharravi, A.M., Gholami, M.R., Azandeh, S., Haider, K.H.  Stem Cell for Cartilage Repair. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy. Springer, Singapore. 2022.p.349-382

 

Dissertations:

Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. 2016

Conference:

  1. Conference paper:

Jang, S. Deconstructing the opposition of natural/arbitrary in Coleridge’s theory of language [Paper presentation]. NASSR .2019, August 8–11)Romantic Elements, Chicago, IL, United States.

  1. Conference proceedings:

Elgafy, A., & Lafdi, K. Nanoparticles and fiber walls interactions during nanocomposites fabrication. Journal of Scientific Conference Proceedings, 2010.2(1), 15–23

Web Site:

Caulfield, J. How to Cite a Website in APA Style | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/website/