The Relationship between Semen Quality Indicators and Low Fertility in Men
Authors
- Shadab Shafiee - Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
-
Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Department of Anatomy and cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. - Cancer Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8309-4935
-
Alieh Bashghareh
- Department of Anatomy and cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-7268
-
Sara Saeednia
- Department of Anatomy and cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. - Tissue and Cell Engineering Research Center Foundation, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-9722
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v20i2.3365Keywords:
Sperm, Infertility, SpermogramAbstract
Introduction: A lack of sperm quality usually causes male infertility, and therefore, checking the quality of semen is used as a scale to measure male fertility. Thus, semen quality is a measure of the ability to achieve fertilization. Our study was designed to investigate the relationship between male infertility and primary semen characteristics.
Methods: This case-control study analyzed semen data from 377 samples using a Computer-Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA). The control group consisted of men with normal spermograms (fertile), while the case group included those with at least one abnormality (low fertility). Data were anonymized and analyzed using SPSS v16, employing statistical tests such as chi-square, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using Forward logistic regression.
Results: The findings indicate that reductions in semen volume, sperm count, motility, progressive movement, and normal morphology are associated with an increased risk of infertility. Additionally, a higher white blood cell (WBC) count correlates with decreased sperm motility, progressive movement, and normal morphology. Furthermore, abnormal levels of sperm adhesion—either above or below the normal range—are linked to reduced sperm count and motility.
Conclusion: According to the findings, out of all the variables examined, semen volume, sperm count, percentage of motile sperm, sperm with normal morphology, and white blood cell (WBC) count showed a significant association with the likelihood of infertility.
References
Mescher AL. Junqueira’s basic histology: text and atlas: New York: McGraw Hill;2018.
Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. 2016;1:1249.
Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, Cho C-L, Henkel R, Vij S, et al. Male infertility. Lancet 2021;397:319-33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2
Teerds KJ, de Rooij DG, Keijer J. Functional relationship between obesity and male reproduction: from humans to animal models. Hum Reprod Update 2011;17:667-83. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmr017
Sher KS, Jayanthi V, Probert CS, Stewart CR, Mayberry JF. Infertility, obstetric and gynaecological problems in coeliac sprue. Dig Dis 1994;12:186-90. doi: 10.1159/000171452
Leibovitch I, Mor Y. The vicious cycling: bicycling related urogenital disorders. Eur Urol 2005;47:277-86. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.024
Thompson J, Bannigan J. Cadmium: toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo. Reprod Toxicol 2008;25:304-15. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.02.001
Silva LF, Oliveira JB, Petersen CG, Mauri AL, Massaro FC, Cavagna M, et al. The effects of male age on sperm analysis by motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012;10:19. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-19
Ji G, Long Y, Zhou Y, Huang C, Gu A, Wang X. Common variants in mismatch repair genes associated with increased risk of sperm DNA damage and male infertility. BMC Med 2012;10:49. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-49
Aston KI, Uren PJ, Jenkins TG, Horsager A, Cairns BR, Smith AD, et al. Aberrant sperm DNA methylation predicts male fertility status and embryo quality. Fertil Steril 2015;104:1388-97.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.019
Dada R, Kumar M, Jesudasan R, Fernandez JL, Gosalvez J, Agarwal A. Epigenetics and its role in male infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012;29:213-23. doi: 10.1007/s10815-012-9715-0
Kupis L, Dobronski PA, Radziszewski P. Varicocele as a source of male infertility- current treatment techniques. Cent European J Urol 2015;68:365-70. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2015.642
Avidor-Reiss T, Khire A, Fishman EL, Jo KH. Atypical centrioles during sexual reproduction. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2015;3. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00021
Masarani M, Wazait H, Dinneen M. Mumps orchitis. J R Soc Med 2006;99:573-5. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.99.11.573
Sharma A, Minhas S, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Male infertility due to testicular disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021;106:e442-e59. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa781
Jarvi K, Noss MB. Pyospermia and male infertility. Can J Urol 1994;1:25-30.
Li J, Liu RZ. Progress in leukocytospermia research. Natl J Androl 2006;12:730-2, 6. doi:
Cooper TG NE, Von Eckardstein S, Auger J, Baker HW, Behre HM, Haugen TB, Kruger T, Wang C. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update 2009;16:231-45.
Feki NC, Abid N, Rebai A, Sellami A, Ayed BB, Guermazi M, et al. Semen quality decline among men in infertile relationships: experience over 12 years in the South of Tunisia. J Androl 2009;30:541-7.
Cendrine Geoffroy-Siraudin AL, Fanny Romain, Vincent Achard, Blandine Courbiere, Marie-Hélène Perrard, Philippe Durand, Marie-Roberte Guichaoua. Decline of semen quality among 10932 males Consulting for couple infertility over a 20-year period in Marseille, France. Asian J Androl 2012;14:584.
Jakob Lackner GS, Thomas Waldhör, Katharina Resch, Christian Kratzik, Michael Marberger. Constant decline in sperm concentration in infertile males in an urban population: experience over 18 years. Fertil Steril, 2005;84:1657-61.
Brahem S, Mehdi M, Elghezal H, Saad A. The effects of male aging on semen quality, sperm DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in an infertile population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011;28:425-32.
Gong Ping ZZ-l, Wang Chang-fu. Relationship between leukocyte in semen and mobility parameters of semen. Chin J Birth Health Hered 2007;38:38-43.
Aziz N, Agarwal A, Lewis-Jones I, Sharma RK, Thomas AJ, Jr. Novel associations between specific sperm morphological defects and leukocytospermia. Fertil Steril 2004;82:621-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.112
Organization WH. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen.2010.
Salsabili N. Za TM, Akbari F., Jalaei S. The effect of electroejaculation on the quality and quantity of seminal fluid and sperm of spinal cord injured (sci) men in compare with normal fertile. Tehran Univ Med J 2004;62:490-9.
Li Wang LZ, Xiao-Hui Song, Hao-Bo Zhang, Cheng-Yan Xu, Zi-Jiang Chen. Decline of semen quality among Chinese sperm bank donors within 7 years (2008-2014). Asian J Androl 2017;19:521-5. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.179533
Krause W, Habermann B. No change with age in semen volume, sperm count and sperm motility in individual men consulting an infertility clinic. Urol Int 2000;64:139-42.
Feki CN. Semen quality decline among men in infertile relationships: experience over 12 years in the South of Tunisia. J Androl 2009:541-7.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
