Factors influencing the health promotion in Female-Headed Households: Golden Triangle of Money, Time and Energy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v10i4.792Keywords:
ارتقاء سلامت؛ زنان سرپرست خانوار؛ سلامت زنان؛ گراندد تئوریAbstract
Introduction: Female heads of household are among vulnerable groups in society who are faced with unsuitable economic status and multiple roles and they cannot promote their own health. We aimed to explore and describe effective factors on women heads of household’s health promotion.
Methods: This is a qualitative study which was conducted using Strauss and Corbin’s (1998)approach to grounded theory. Nineteen female heads of household were recruited. Data were gathered by semi structured interviews. Purposive sampling was conducted and continued by theoretical sampling.
Results: Findings indicated that remainder of resources (remainder of money, time and energy) and contextual factors (personal and socio-economic characteristics) were effective factors on these women's health promotion.Often these women tended to allocate their available resources primarily to their children and the members under their headship and then to all life-related issues. So, depending on the adequacy of the three resources of money, time and energy, they carried out different health promotion activities andthis could jeopardize their health.
Conclusion: To help these women improve their health status,we recommended that the government, non-governmental organizations and health care professionals provide them with required resources and increase their knowledge by holding training sessions.
References
Parvizy S, Kiani K, Ivbijaro G. Women's health bridges and barriers: a qualitative study. Health Care Women Int 2013;34:193-208.
Wuest J, Merritt-Gray M, Berman H, Ford-Gilboe M. Illuminating social determinants of women’s health using grounded theory. Health Care Women Int 2002;23:794-808.
Sered S, Proulx MD. Lessons for women’s health from the Massachusetts reform: affordability, transitions, and choice. Women’s Health Issues 2011;21:1-5.
Ahmadi B, Tabibi J, Mahmoudi M. The Structural pattern of development management of Iranian women's health. Soc Welfare J 2006;5:9-13.[Persian].
Sam Aram E, Amini Yakhdani M. Health status of women heads of household under coverage of welfare organization in Qom province. Shiite Women J 2009;21:133-60.[Persian].
Parvizy S, Seyedfatemi N, Kiani K. Women’s perspectives on health: A grounded theory study. J Fam Res 2008;4:293-302.[Persian].
Streubert SHJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company 2007.
Lincoln YS, Guba E. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage publication; 1985.
Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2008.
Byrne G, Heyman R. Understanding nurses’ communication with patients in accident and emergency departments using a symbolic interactionist perspective. J Adv Nurs 1997;26:93-100.
Benzies KM, Allen MN. Symbolic interactionism as a theoretical perspective for multiple method research. J Adv Nurs 2001;33:541-7.
Rafii F, Seyedfatemi N, Rezaei M. Factors involved in Iranian women heads of household’s health promotion activities: A grounded theory study. Open Nurs J 2013;7:133-41.
Momsen JH. Myth or math: The waxing and waning of the female- headed household. Prog Dev Stud 2002;2:145-51.
Goebel A, Dodson B, Hill T. Urban advantage or urban penalty? A case study of female-headed households in a South Africa city. Health Place 2010;16:573-80.
Lombe M, Safadi N, Newransky C. Predictors of welfare and child outcomes in female-headed households in sub-Saharan Africa. J Comp Soc Welfare 2011;27:75-89.
McIntyre L, Rondeau K, Kirkpatrick S, Hatfield J, ShamsulIslam K, NazmulHuda S. Food provisioning experiences of ultra poor female heads of household living in Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 2011;72:969-76.
McIntyre L, Glanville NT, Raine KD, Dayle JB, Anderson B, Battaglia N. Do low-income lone mothers compromise their nutrition to feed their children? CMAJ 2003;168:686-91.
Eisenhower A, Blacher J. Mothers of young adults with intellectual disability: multiple roles, ethnicity, and well being. J Intellec Disabil Res 2006;50:905-16.
Onyango A, Tucker K, Eisemon T. Household headship and child nutrition: a case study in Western Kenya. Soc Sci Med 1994;39:1633-39.
Lahelma E, Arber S, Kivela K, Roos E. Multiple roles and health among British and finish women: the influence of socioeconomic circumstances. Soc Sci Med 2002;54:727-40.
Segar M, Jayaratne T, Hanlon J, Richardson CR. Fitting fitness into women’s lives: effects of a gender-tailored physical activity intervention. Women’s Health Issues 2002;12:338-47.
Flores KA. Mothers, spouse, employee, student: the effect of multiple roles on the health promotion activities of college women [dissertation]. Alaska: University of Alaska Anchorage; 1996.
Williams SW, Dilworth-Anderson P, Goodwin PY. Care giver role strain: the combination of multiple roles and available resources in African-American women. Aging Ment Health 2003;7:103-12.
Secco ML, Moffatt MEK. A review of social support theories and instruments used in adolescent mothering research. J Adolesc Health 1994;15:517-27.
Kelsey K, Earp JL, Kirkley BG. Is social support beneficial for dietary change? a review of the literature. Fam Community Health 1997;20:70-82.
Ozawa MN, Lee Y, Wang KYT. Economic conditions of female- headed households in Taiwan in comparison with the Unites States and Sweden. J Comp Soc Welfare 2011;27:63-74.
Moeidfar S, Hamidi N. Women heads of household: Untold and social harms. Soc Sci Letter 2007;32:131-58.[Persian].
Chant S. Gender, generation and poverty: exploring the feminization of poverty in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing;2007.
Staten LK, Dufour DL, Reina JC, Spurr GB. Household headship and nutritional status: female headed versus male/dual headed households. Am J Hum Biol 1998;10:699-709.
Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). National census of Iran: 2011. http://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=1191. Accessed [2012 November 12].
Macran S, Clarke L, Joshi H. Women’s health: dimensions & differentials. Soc Sci Med 1996;42:1203-16.
Hanson SMH. Healthy single parent families. Fam Relat 1986;35:125-32.
Curtis L, Phipps S. Social transfers and the health status of mothers in Norway and Canada. Soc Sci Med 2004;58:2499-507.
Burstorm B, Whitehead M, Clayton S, Fritzall S, Vannoni F, Costa G. Health inequalities between lone and couple mothers and policy under different welfare regimes: the example of Italy, Sweden and Britain. Soc Sci Med 2010;70:912-20.
Elstad J. Inequalities in health related to women’s marital, parental, and employment status: a comparison between the early 70s and the late 80s, Norway. Soc Sci Med 1996;42:75-89.
Martikainen P. Women’s employment, marriage, motherhood and mortality: a test of the multiple role and role accumulation hypothesis. Soc Sci Med 1995;40:199-212.
Khosravan SH, Salehi SH, Ahmadi F, Mansourian MR. The experience of widowed head of the family during role transition: a qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci 2013;2:62-75.[Persian].
Wilkerson JA, Yamawaki N, Downs SD. Effects of husbands’ migration on mental health and gender role ideology of rural Mexican women. Health Care Women Int 2009;30:612-26.
Yuill C, Crinson I, Duncan E. Key concepts in health studies. London: Sage Publications 2010.
Sue K. Factors affecting health promotion behaviors among Korean immigrant women at midlife [dissertation]. Los Angeles: University of California; 2001.
Zurakowski TL. Health promotion for mid and later life women. JOGNN 2004;33:639-47.
Whitehead D. Reconciling the differences between health promotion in nursing and general health promotion. Int J of Nurs Studies 2009;46:865-74.
Poureslami IM, MacLean DR, Spiegel J, Yassi A. Sociocultural, environmental, and health challenges facing women and children living near the borders between Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (AIP Region). Med Gen Med 2004;6:51.
Nazoktabar H, Veisi R. Socio-economic and cultural status of women heads of household in Mazandaran province. Soc Welfare J 2008;27:95-113.[Persian].
Ahmadnia S. Effects of employment on women heads of household’s health. Soc Welfare J 2004;12;157-80.[Persian].
Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 2nd ed. USA: Sage pub;1998.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
