Evaluation of the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Asthma Severity in Children with Asthma Referred to Gorgan Taleghani Educational and Medical Center: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Introduction: Recent studies show a connection between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of asthma, as well as markers of disease severity in children with asthma. This study explores the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of asthma in children.

Methods: In this case-control study, 210 children aged 5 to 15 entered the study after obtaining informed consent from their parents. Participants were divided into three groups: healthy control = 70, moderate asthma case = 70, and severe asthma case = 70. The diagnosis of asthma and its severity were determined based on clinical signs and spirometry. At the same time, the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using a standard DIA source kit and the ELISA method.

Results: The mean serum level of vitamin D in healthy individuals was 28.92 ± 9.54, which was higher than in those with asthma. On the other hand, the vitamin D level in patients with severe asthma was 13.24 ± 21.61, significantly lower than that in patients with non-severe (mild and moderate) asthma, who had levels of 28.44 ± 9.97. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D levels among the study groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and asthma severity among the subjects (r=-0.25), which was also statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, assessing vitamin D levels in patients with asthma is recommended. If a deficiency is identified, it is important to implement the necessary treatment.