Evaluating the Effects of Regular Exercise and Magnesium Sulfate on Pain Threshold in Diabetic Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v8i3.33Keywords:
, Diabetic neuropathy, Pain threshold, Regular exercise, Magnesium sulfateAbstract
Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy is an important complication of diabetes mellitus. It has been shown that hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are major etiological factors in neuropathy and contribute to its development. Since regular exercise and oral magnesium supplementation can reduce hyperglycemia induced by diabetes and also have antioxidant effects, therefore this study was designed to examine the effects of regular exercise and magnesium sulfate administration on thermal pain threshold in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: 30 male Wistar rats weighed 220±10 gwere made diabetic by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, subcutaneously). One week after diabetes induction, animals were undergone swimming training and magnesium sulfate treatment for 8 weeks; first, they swim 60 min for 3 weeks, then 90 min for 2 weeks, and finally 120 min for 3 weeks. Magnesium sulfate (10 g/l) was added into the drinking water once diabetes was established (One week after diabetes induction) and continued for 8 weeks. 48 h after the end of each stage, tail-flick test was performed to assess the effects of training and magnesium sulfate on thermal pain threshold. The comparison of means was done using independent- sample t-test and repeated measure analysis of variance.
Results: A significant decrease in thermal pain threshold was seen in diabetic rats through 5 and 8 weeks. Diabetic induced hyperalgesia were decreased significantly by training and magnesium sulfate. Combined effects of training and magnesium sulfate on thermal pain threshold are significantly higher than one of them alone.
Conclusion: It is concluded that regular exercise and magnesium sulfate administration may be able torestore thermal hyperalgesia in diabetes. Future studies are required to establish the effects of these factors on treatment and/or management of painful conditions.
References
Noor sadeghi E, Ghasemi A, Zadedi asl S. Magnesium deficiency and its role on plasma insulin and glucose levels. Iranian Lipid and Diabetes 2008;7(4):355-361.[Persian].
Lee JH, Cox DJ, Mook DG, McCarty RC. Effect of hyperglycemia on pain threshold in alloxan- diabetic rats. Pain 1990;40:105-107.
Hossin Zadeh H, Elami F. Analgesic effects of baclofen in alloxan-diabetic rats. Iranian Lipid and Diabetes 2000;1(1):53-57.
Soltani N, Keshavarz M, Dehpour AR. Effect of oral magnesium sulfate administration on blood pressure and lipid profile in diabetic rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;560(2-3):201-205.
Soltani N, Keshavarz M, Sohanaki H, Zahedi Asl S , Dehpour AR. Relaxatory effect of magnesium on mesenteric vascular beds differs from normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2005;508(1-3):177-181.
Sales CH, Pedrosa Lde F. Magnesium and diabetes mellitus: their relation. Clin Nutr 2006;25:554-562.
Hasanei P, Parvize M, Keshvarz M, Javnmard K. Oral magnesium administration thermal hyperalgesia induced by diabetest in rats. DCPR 2005;64:37-45.
Mei-Hsiang H, Jiunn-MW, Ming-Shih L, Chien-Pin L, Fu-Chou Cheng, Mao-Tsun Lin, Shiu-Min Cheng. Changes in serum magnesium concentration in trained and untrained subjects after exercise;J Biomed Lab Sci 2007;19(1):25-29.
Herbst A, Bachran R, Kapellen T, Holl RW. Effects of regular physical activity on control of glycemia in pediatric patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160(6):573-577.
Defeo P, DiLoreto CH, Ranchelli A, Fatone C, Gambelunghe G, Lusidi Santeusanio F. Exercise and diabetes. Acta Biomed 2006;77:14-17.
Iafusco D. Diet and physical activity in patients with type 1 diabetes. Acta Biomed 2006;77;Suppl.1:41-46.
De Angelis KL, Oliveira AR, Dall’Ago P, Peixoto LR, Gadonski G, Lacchini S. Effects of exercise training on autonomic and myocardial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000;33(6);635-641.
Schroder H, Navarro E, Tramullas A, Mora J, Galiano D. Nutrition antioxidant status and oxidative stress in professional basketball players: effects of a three compound antioxidative supplement. Int J Sports Med 2000;21:146-50.
Zolt R, Takao K, Shoichi T. Regular exercise improves cognitive function and decrease oxidative damage in rat brain. Neurochemistry International 2001;38:17-23.
Lbironke Gf, Saba Oj. Glycemic control and pain threshold in alloxan diabetic rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research 2004;7;149-151.
Cunningham JJ, Mearkle PL, Brown RG. Vitamin C: an aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:344-50.
Forman LJ, Estilows S, Lewis M, Vasilenko P. Streptozotocin alters immunoreactive -endorphin levels and pain perception after 8 weeks in rats. Diabetes 1986;35:1309-13.
Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in development of Complications in diabetes. Diabetes 1991;40:405-12.
Salehi I, Mohammadi M, Asadi Fakhr A. The effect of treadmill exercise on antioxidant status in the hearts of the diabetic rats. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services 2009;16;20-21.[Persian].
Bequet F, Gomez-Merino D, Berthelot M, Guezennec C. Exercise-induced changes in brain glucose and serotonin revealed by microdialysis in rat hippocampus: effect of glucose supplementation. Acta Physiol 2001;173:223-230.
Thornalley PJ. Glycation in diabetic neuropathy: Characteristic consequences, causes, and therapeutic options. Reviews Neurobiology 2002;50:37-57.
Klitgaard NA, Djurhuus MS, Pedersen KK, Blaabjerg O, Altura BM, Altura BT, et al. Magnesium reduces insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and serum lipid concentrations in type1 diabetes. Metabolism 2001;50:1409-1417.
Lopez-Ridaura R, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care 2004;27:134-140.
Ghybi N, Rasolpour H, Rajaei F, hashemi H, Abbasi E. effect of oral magnesium on blood glucose and formalin test pain in diabetic rats. Armaghan Danesh 2008;13(2):50-60.[Persian].
Begon S, Pickering G, Eschalier A, Dubray C. Magnesium and MK-801 have a similar effect in two experimental models of neuropathic pai. Brain Res 2000;887:436-439.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
