Sleep Pattern and Daytime Sleepiness in Over-15-Year-Old People in Shahroud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v4i4.196Keywords:
Sleep Disorder, Sleepiness, Sleep Apnea, Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia.Abstract
ntroduction: Regarding the high prevalence of sleep disorders in the general population and noting the effect of sleep disorders on people mental and physical function, this study was performed to assess the pattern of sleep, daytime sleepiness and risk factors in an urban Iranian population in Shahroud.
Methods: 400 residents from Shahroud (Northern city in Iran) who were at least 15 years old were randomly selected via a two stage sampling procedure. A 48-item questionnaire was administered to the subjects. 377 questionnaires were returned. Epworth sleepiness scale and a 4-point scale were used for snoring and sleep apnea.
Results: The mean age of subjects was 30 years old and females formed the majority of the subjects (62.3%). Based on Epworth sleepiness scale, 41.6% of the subjects had scores higher than 6, and 13.9% of the subjects had severe daytime sleepiness (ESS>10). The average score of sleepiness was 6.2 with a standard deviation of 3.8. According to clinical signs, 1.6% of the subjects had sleep apnea. 12 % subjects had less than 6 hours round the clock. The mean and median waking time was 7 a.m. and more than 40% of the subjects slept after the midnight.
Conclusion: Results show a high prevalence of sleep disorder among this population and more attention to them is required.
References
Ahmadvand A, Sepehrmanesh Z, Ghoreishi F, Mousavi GA. Prevalence of insomnia amany 18 year old people and over in Kashan city, Iran in 2008. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences 2010;13(4):313-320.
Stanley N. The physiology of sleep and the impact of aginy. Eur Urol Suppl 2005;3(6):100-12.
Redeker NS, Ruggiero JS, Hedges C. Sleep is related to physical function and emotional well-being after cardic surgery. Nurs Res 2004;53(3):154-62.
Kripke DF, Garfinkel L, Wingard DL, Klauber MR, Marler MR. Mortalixy associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:131-136.
Ohayon MM, Lemoine P. Sleep and insomnia markers in the general population. Encephale 2004;30(2):135-140.
Ursin R, Bjorvatn B, Holesten F. Sleep duration, subjevtive sleep need, and sleep habits of 40 to 45 year olds in the hordland health study. Sleep 2005;28(10):1260-9.
Hidalgo MP, De Suza CM, Zanette CB, Nunes PV. Association of daytime sleepiness and the morningness/eveningness dimension in young adult in Brazil. Psychol Rep 2003;92(2):427-34.
Roth T, Roehrs TA. Etiologies and sequelae of excessive daytime sleepiness. Clin Ther 1996;18(4):562-72.
Masoudzadeh A, Zanganeh A, Shahbaz nezhad L. Daytime sleepiness in medical students at Mazandaran university of medical sciences, 2003. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2006;16(52):75-80.
Melamed S, Oksenberg A. Exessive daytime sleepiness and risk of occupational injuries in non-shift daytime workers. Sleep 2002;25(3):315-322.
Sadeghniiat K, Labbafinejad Y. Sleepiness among Iranian lorry drivers. Acta Medical Iranica 2007;45(2):149-152.
Johns M, Hocking B. Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers. Sleep 1997;20(10):844-849.
Liu X, Uchiyarna M, Kim K, Okawa M, Shibui K, Kudo Y, et al. Sleep loss and daytime sleepiness in the general adult population of Japan. Psychiatry Res 2000;93(1):1-11.
Johns MW. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1992;15:376-81.
John MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991;14:940-5.
Smolley LA, Ivey C, Farkas M, Faucette E, Murphy S. Epworth sleepiness scale is useful for monitoring daytime sleepiness. J Sleep Res 1993;22:389.
Soroush AR, Hamediseresht e, dabiran S. Assessment of sleep depriva and fatigue among general surgerg residents: Is it necessary to reduce residence’s work hours?. Hakim Research Journal 2008;11(3):35-41.
Bloch KE, Schoch OD, Zhang JN, Russi EW. German version of the Epworth sleepiness scale. Respiration 1999;66(5):440-447.
Tsara V, Serasli E, Amfilochiou A, Constantinidis T, Christaki P. Greek version of the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep breath 2004;8(2):91-95.
Sanford SD, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, Riedel BW, Taylor DJ, Bush AJ. The influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and insomnia on Epworth sleepiness score: a normative US population. Sleep Med 2006;7(4):319-326.
Chang KF. Use of the Epworth sleepiness scale in Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea and normal hospital employees. J Psychosom Res 2000;49(5):367-372.
Dijk DJ, Beersma DMG, Daan S. EEG power density during nap sleep: reflection of an hourglass measuring the duration of prior Weakefulness. J Biol Rhythms 1987;2:207-19.
Molavi Nojoumi M, Ghalehbandi MF, Akhbari R, Gorji R. Sleep pattern and prevalence of sleep disturbances in medical students and specialist residents. Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University 2009;19(1(55)):55-59.
Canellas F, Palmer A, Calafat A. Adolescent’s sleep characteristic in Mallorca. Sleep Res 1994;23:24.
Sauter C, Popp R, Danker-Hopfe H, Buttner A, Wilhelm B, Binder R, et al. Normative Values of the German Epworth sleepiness scale. Results from a multicenter study. Somnologie 2007;11:272-278.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
