Effect of Foot Massage on Physiological Edema During Pregnancy

Authors

  • Fatemeh Rahimikian1 1- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Azadeh Shadmehr2 2- Dept. of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Abbas Mehran3 3- Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Mahdieh Kiani4 4- Dept. of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v9i4.493

Keywords:

Foot massage, Complementary medicine, Pregnancy, Physiological edema

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most common and annoying problems during pregnancy is physiological foot edema that may cause activity restrictions during pregnancy for pregnant women. Present study aimed to determine the effect of foot massage on physiological edema during pregnancy.

Methods: This study was non-randomized clinical trial and performed in 2012. 120 pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years were non randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Treatment  group, received 20 minutes daily foot massage during 5 days. Data were analyzes using SPSS statistical software, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Foot edema measured by using a measuring non- elastic tape on the leg.

Results: The results indicates a statistically significant difference between the average of the feet environments (around the ankle, heel and metatarsal joints between the finger bones) in both treatment and control groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that massage therapy is effective in reducing physiological edema during pregnancy. Therefor the lower limb massage can be performed by trained midwives  and as a useful, low risk and low cost method in prenatal clinics or pregnant women homes.

References

Hatami H, Razavi SM, Eftekhare Ardebili H, Majlesi F, Seyed Nozadi M, Parizadeh SM. Public health book. Tehran: Arjmand; 2006.[Persian].

Girling J. Physiology of pregnancy. Anathesia And Intensive Care Medicine 2004;215-218.

Zerouali A, Zaraa I, Trojjet S, Euch DE, Azeiez MI, Mokni M, et al. Physiologic skin changes in pregnancy. La Press Medicale 2011;40(1):e17-e21.

Ponnapula P, Boberg S. Lower extremity changes experienced during pregnancy. Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 2010;49(5): 452-458.

Irion JM, Irion GL. Water immersion to reduce peripheral edema in pregnancy. Journal of Women’s Health Physical Therapy 2011;35(2):46-49.

Sterns RH. Patient information: Edema(swelling). up todate Website. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-swelling-beyond-the-basics. Accessed May 13 2013.

Tiran D, Mack S. Complementary therapies for pregnancy and childbirth. London: Balliere Tindall;2000

Shiri M, Kalantari R. Massage therapy. Tehran:Aeezh; 2009.[Persian].

Gaffney L, Carolin AS. Use of complementary therapies in pregnancy: The perceptions of obstetricians and midwives in South Australia. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;44(1):24-29.

Smith S, Michel Y. A pilot study on the effects of aquatic exercises on discomforts of pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 2006;35(3):315-323.

Labrique-Walusis F, Keister K, Russell A. Massage therapy for stress management implications for nursing practice. Orthopaedic Nursing 2010;29(4):254-257.

Oh J, Yoon C. Lower extremity edema and pain of nurses and the effect of self leg massage. J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(2):278-286.

Martin ML, Hernandez MA, Avendaño C, Rodríguez F, Martinez H. Manual lymphatic drainage therapy in patients with breast cancer related lymphoedema. BMC Cancer 2011;11:94.

Lee S, Lee H. the effect of the meridian massage on the hand edema and function of the hemiplegic patient. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2003;15(4):520-530.

Bagheri H, Gorzin M, Rahimi T, Jalalian B, Hasani M. Effect of manual lymph drainage massage on hand edema and shoulder pain in hemiplegic- paretic patients post stroke. J Shahrekord Unive Med Sci 2006;8(3):83-89.[Persian].

Coban A, Sirin A. Effect of foot massage to decrease physiological lower leg oedema in late pregnancy. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010;16:454-460.

Kafaei Atrian M, Sarafraz N, Baghery A, Abaszade F. Physiologic skin changes during pregnancy in hospitalized women at postpartum unit at Shabih Khani Hospital in Kashan/Iran in 2009. Dermatology and Cosmetic journal 2010;1(3):125-133.[Persian].

Mollart L. Single- blind trial addressing the differential effects of twp reflexology techniques versus rest, on ankle and foot oedema in late pregnancy. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery 2003;9(4):203-208.

Mercadante S, Villari P, Ferrera P, David F, Intravaia G. High-dose furosemide and small-volume hypertonic saline solution infusion for the treatment of leg edema in advanced cancer patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2009;37(3):419-423.

Bamigboye AA, Hofmeyr JG. Interventions for leg edema and varicosities in pregnancy: What evidence?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2006;129(1):3-8.

Hartman S, Huch R. Response of pregnancy leg edema to a single immersion exercise session. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2005;84(12):1150-1153.

Nagata H, Tanaka E, Takefu M, Sato T, Nakano M, Morimoto M, et al. Effect of lower limb and dorsolumbar massages on edema in postpartum women. Biomedical Soft Computing and Human Sciences 2009;14(1):109-115.

Chila A. Foundations of osteopathic medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2010

Hensley J. Leg cramps and restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health 2009;54(3):211-218.

Oumachigui A. Clinical methods in obstetrics and gynecology: a problem based approach. Chennai: Orient Blackswan;2002.

Rakhshani A, Maharana S, Raghuram N, Nagendra H, Venkatram P. Effects of integrated yoga on quality of life and interpersonal relationship of pregnant women. Qual life Res 2010;19:1447-1455.[Persian].

Published

2014-03-09

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

How to Cite

Effect of Foot Massage on Physiological Edema During Pregnancy. (2014). Knowledge and Health in Basic Medical Sciences, 9(4), Page:1-7. https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v9i4.493

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 > >>