Risk factors for osteoporosis in urban Iranian postmenopausal women (A center based study)

Authors

  • Afsaneh Keramat دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود- گروه مامایی
  • Bagher Larijani دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران- مرکز تحقیقات غدد درون ریز و متابولسیم
  • Hossein Adibi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران- مرکز تحقیقات غدد درون ریز و متابولسیم
  • Arash Hosseinnejad دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران- مرکز تحقیقات غدد درون ریز و متابولسیم
  • Arvind Chopra هند دانشگاه پونا- مرکز تحقیقات بیماری¬های روماتیسمی
  • Boshan Patwardhan هند دانشگاه پونا- دپارتمان علوم بهداشتی

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v2i3.246

Keywords:

Osteoporosis, Low BMD, Risk factors.

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis is recognized as a major healthcare problem in elders. Data on prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in developing countries is sparse. In this study we aim to define the risk factors of osteoporosis in a selected group of postmenopausal women inTehran.

Methods and Materials: This is a case-control, interview based study that was conducted in a popular public hospital (Shariati) inTehranduring period 2002-2003. The sample sizes included 272 post menopausal women (136 case and 136 controls in the same age group). The case group were identified as osteoporotic patients based on WHO definition in spine and/or total femoral region interest using DEXA method and Lunar DPX machine. A self made questionnaire was used for data collection. It included some information on demographic, obstetrical and menstrual factors, medical and drug history, nutritional status, physical activity and life style. Risk factors for osteoporosis were calculated by adjusted odds ratios using multiple logistic regressions.

Results: The significant (P<0.05) risk factors in present study population with their Odds Ratios (in parenthesis) were as follow: BMI<25 (4.2), duration of menopause > 5 years (2.4), Parity >3, lactation >3 years, steroid therapy (3.6), Bone and joint disorders (2.34) teeth problems (2.30), education < 12 schooling yrs (2.6) and red meat consumption ≥ 4 times/w (2.1).Regular consumption of milk ≥ 3/w (0.4), cheese ≥ 30g/d (0.5), chicken (0.4), fish (0.3) and honey (0.42) appeared to be significant protective factors. Calcium supplementation (0.3), regular walking (0.4) and sunshine exposure (0.4) also reduced the risk significantly.

Conclusion: Osteoporosis, in this study, appears to be associated with several risk factors. The association of environmental factors like diet, exercise and sunshine exposure with osteoporosis indicates need of more studies in this area and also the direction for elders’ health strategies for osteoporosis prevention in Iran.

References

Sambrook PN, Dequiker J, Rasp HH. Metabolic bone disease: Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Geneva: WHO Technical Report Series; 1994.

Hui SI, Slemenda CW, Johnston Jr CC. The contri-bution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int 1990; 1: 30– 4.

Nordin BE, Polley KJ. Metabolic consequences of the menopause: A cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention study on 557 normal postmenopausal women. Calcified Tissue Int 1987; 41(suppl. 1): S1– 59.

Seeman E. Reduced bone mass in daughters of women with osteoporosis. New England J Med 1989; 320: 554– 8.

Recker RR. Bone gain in young adult women. JAMA 1992; 268: 2403– 8.dd

Slemenda CW. Genetic determinants of bone mass in adult women: A reevaluation of the twin model and the potential importance of gene interaction on heritability estimates. J Bone and Miner Res 1991; 6: 561– 7.

Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP. Determinants of peak bone mass and mechanisms of bone loss. Osteoporosis Int 1999; 9 (suppl. 2): S17– 23.

Pollitzer WS, Anderson JJ. Ethnic and genetic differences in bone mass: A review with a hereditary vs. environmental perspective. A J Clin Nutr 1989; 50: 1244– 59.

Bonjour JP. Peak bone mass. Osteoporosis Int 1994; 4(suppl. 1): S7– 13.

Rizzoli R. Protein intake during childhood and adoles-cence and attainment of peak bone mass. In: Bonjour JP, Tsang RC, editors. Nutrition and bone develop-

ment. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1999. p. 231– 43.

Bonjour JP, Rizzoli R. Bone acquisition in adolesce-nce. In: Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J, editors. Osteoporosis. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996. p. 465– 76.

Dhuper S. Effects of hormonal status on bone density in adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71(5): 1083– 8.

Ruiz JC, Mandel C, Garabedian M. Influence of spon-taneous calcium intake and physical exercise on the vertebral and femoral bone mineral density of children and adolescents. J Bone and Miner Res 1995; 10(5): 675– 82.

Bass S. Exercise before puberty may confer residual benefits in bone density in adulthood: Studies in active prepubertal and retired female gymnasts. J Bone and Miner Res 1998; 13: 500– 7.

Arden N, Cooper C. Presents the future of osteopo-rosis: Epidemiology. In: Meunier PJ, editor. Osteopo- rosis: Diagnosis and management. London: Mosby/ Martin Dunitz; 1998. p.1- 16.

Recker RR. Bone gain in young adult women. JAMA 1992; 268: 2403– 8.

Saadi HF, Reed RL, Carter AO, Qazaq HS, Al-Suhaili AR. Bone density estimates and risk factors for. osteoporosis in young women. East Med Health J 2001; 4(5): 730- 737.

Halioua L, Anderson JJ. Lifetime calcium intake and physical activity habits: Independent and combined effects on the radial bone of healthy premenopausal Caucasian women. A J Clin Nutr 1989; 49: 534– 41.

Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide project-ions for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1997; 7(5): 407- 13.

Varenna M, Binelli L, Zucchi F, Ghiringhlli D, Gallaz-zi M. Prevalence of osteoporosis by education lvel in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Osteopo- rosis Int 1999; 9(3): 236- 241.

Delmas PD, Fraser M; Strong bones in later life, Lux-ury or necessity? Bull World Health Organ 1999; 77(5): 416- 422.

Scheiber LB, Torregrosa L. Evaluation and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998; 27 (4): 245- 261.

Leslie M, Pierre RW. Osteoporosis: Implications for risk reduction in the college setting. J A College Health 1999; 48 (2): 67- 71.

Goldman B, Drazen G, Griggs K, Mandell PS. CECIL text book of medicine. 21nd ed. Philadephia: WB Sounders; 2000.

Braunwald F, Kasper L. Harrison’s principle of inter-nal medicine.15th ed. New York: MacGrow-Hill; 2001.

Kathleen ML, Escott S. Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2000.

L. Kathleen Mahan, Sylvia Escott. Krause's food, nutrition and diet therapy. 10th ed. Philadelphia : Saunders; 2000.p. 619.

Chen W, Anderson JB. Isoflavons and bone animal and human evidence of efficiency. J Musculoskel Neuron Interact; 2002 (in press).

Hegarty VM, May HM, Khaw KT. Tea drinking and bone mineral density in older women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71 (4): 1003- 7.

Published

2007-12-10

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

How to Cite

Risk factors for osteoporosis in urban Iranian postmenopausal women (A center based study). (2007). Knowledge and Health in Basic Medical Sciences, 2(3), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v2i3.246

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 > >>