Regulation of Interleukin-6 in Soleus Muscle by Resistance, Endurance, and Combined Exercise in Wistar Rats
Authors
-
Ali Akbar Ajgholi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Da. C., Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7921-1488
-
Tahereh Bagherpour
- Department of Sport Sciences, Da. C., Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-4470
-
Nematolah Nemati
- Department of Sport Sciences, Da. C., Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-2846
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/jkh.v20i4.3528Keywords:
Soleus muscle, Interleukin-6, Combined trainingAbstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance, endurance, and combined training on IL-6 gene expression in the soleus muscle of male Wistar rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, forty-two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10 per group): control, resistance training, endurance training, and combined training. The individual exercise protocols were implemented for eight weeks. Gene expression levels of IL-6 mRNA were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.
Results: After eight weeks, rats in the control group displayed a body weight increase exceeding 60%, which was significantly higher than that observed in the experimental groups (less than 50%). Regarding IL-6 gene expression, all experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction compared with the control group (P=0.001). Likewise, the differences in the magnitude of reduction between resistance training and combined training, as well as between endurance training and combined training, were statistically significant (P<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between the resistance and endurance training groups (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The results suggest that resistance, endurance, and combined training protocols may attenuate age-related weight gain in rats. Remarkably, combined training seems to be a particularly effective strategy for mitigating age-associated weight gain and potentially reducing oxidative stress. Future studies are warranted to extend these results and explore their applicability to human populations.
References
Church TS, Barlow CE, Earnest CP, Kampert JB, Priest EL, Blair SN. Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and C- reactive protein in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1869-76. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.0000036611.77940.f8
Davis، Edwards and et al. Lipid profiles and plasma C- reactive protein Levels in patients Entering Cardia Rehabilitation. Med Sci Spo Exer 2002;22:1869-76.
Jessica L Clarke, Jeffrey L Anderson, John F Carlquist, Richard F Roberts, Benjamin D Horne, Tami L Bair, et al. Comparison of differing c- reactive protein assay methods and their impact on cardiovascular risk assessment. Am J cardiol 2005;95:155-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.087
Mora S, Lee MI, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Association of physical activity and body mass index with novel and traditional cardiovascular biomarkers in women. JAMA 2006;295:1412-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.12.1412
Navarro RR, Romero L, Wiliams K. Nasal issues in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2013;12:22-7. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31827dc22c
Abbas AK، lichtamn AH، editors. Cellular and molecular immunology. Philadelphia: Saunders Pa;2006.
Valdés-Ramos R, Martínez-Carrillo BE, I Aranda-González I, Laura Guadarrama A, Virgen Pardo-Morales R, Tlatempa P, et al. Diet exercise and gut mucosal immunity. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:644-50. doi: 10.1017/S0029665110002533
Agha Alinejad H, Molanouri Shamsi M. Exercise induced release of cytokines from skeletal muscle: emphasis on IL-6. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010;12:181-203.[Persian].
Nikseresht M. Effects of low-intensity resistance versus high-intensity interval aerobic training on serum interleukin-6 concentration and insulin resistance markers in obese and young men. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 2020;27.[Persian]. doi: 10.18502/ssu.v27i12.2833
Reihmane D, Dela F. Interleukin-6: possible biological roles during exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2014;14:242-50. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2013.776640
Amozad- Mahdiraji T, Barari A, Farzanegi P, Ahmadi M. Effects of four weeks of endurance training on serum paraoxonase-1 and lipid profile in obese men. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2014;16:9-15.[Persian].
Agha Alinejad H, Issa Nejad A, editors. Safety Performance in Sports. Tehran: World of Movement;2009.
Shakiba M, Fathi M, Gholami Avval1 S. The effect of eight weeks of continuous and interval training on serum TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in female. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2019;6:71-81.[Persian]. doi: 10.22077/jpsbs.2019.971
Mardanpour Shahrekordi Z, Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Salehi E. The effect of 8 weeks resistance-aerobic, aerobic- resistance and circulation concurrent training on some of the indicators of serum level of interleukin-6 in aged women. Journal of Sport in Biomotor Sciences 2015;14:1-11. doi: 10.22034/sbs.2023.371787.0
Chowdhury S, Schulz L, Palmisano B, Singh P, Berger JM, Yadav VK, et al. Muscle-de- rived interleukin 6 increases exercise capacity by signaling in osteoblasts. J Clin Invest 2020;130:2888-902. doi: 10.1172/JCI133572
Chowdhury S, Schulz L, Palmisano B, Singh P, Berger JM, Yadav VK, et al. Muscle-derived interleukin 6 increases exercise capacity by signaling in osteoblasts. J Clin Invest 2020;130:2888-902. doi: 10.1172/JCI133572
Rostami S, Gaeini A.A, Zamani A, Hosseini S.H. A survey of the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation program (concurrent resistance-endurance training) on homocysteine, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 changes in men with heart disease. Sport Physiology & Management Investigation 2016;8:9-18.[Persian].
Dhooge R, Hellinckx T, Van Laethem C, Stegen S, De Schepper J, Van Aken S, et al. Influence of combined aerobic and resistance training on metabolic control, cardiovascular fitness and quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2011;25:349-59. doi: 10.1177/0269215510386254
Rahimian Mashhad Z, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Lamir AR, Sardar MA, Nekooei S, Giti R. Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise programs on arterial stiffness, serum IL6 and IL10 in obese women. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2020;23:20-9. doi: 10.22038/ijogi.2020.15960
Kim M Huffman, Cris A Slentz, Connie W Bales, Joseph A Houmard, William E Kraus. Relationships between adipose tissue and cytokine responses to a randomized controlled exercise training intervention. Metabolism 2008;57:577-83. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.11.023
Hennigar SR, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Nutritional interventions and the IL‐6 response to exercise. FASEB J 2017;31:3719-28. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700080R
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
